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Bharat Shared Repository of Inscriptions

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About ASI

The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is India’s premier institution dedicated to archaeological research and the protection of the nation’s rich cultural heritage. Through scientific exploration, conservation, documentation, and preservation, ASI safeguards some of the most treasured tangible and intangible legacies of India, ensuring they are protected for present and future generations.

We invite you to plan your visit, explore these timeless monuments and inscriptions, and immerse yourself in the stories of India’s past where history, art, and culture come alive for the enjoyment and inspiration of the world.

HISTORY

The roots of systematic archaeological inquiry in India trace back to 1784 when Sir William Jones founded the Asiatic Society in Calcutta, bringing together early scholars and antiquarians who began documenting India’s rich historical remains. Their efforts culminated in the publication of Asiatick Researches in 1788, which helped reveal the nation’s vast antiquarian heritage and inspired similar scholarly societies in Mumbai and Chennai. Early explorations included the identification of ancient sites such as Pataliputra and the decipherment of historic scripts, laying the groundwork for structured archaeological study in India.

In 1861, under the patronage of Lord Canning, Alexander Cunningham’s proposal for a formal archaeological survey was accepted, and he became the first Archaeological Surveyor of India. Despite a brief suspension, the Survey was restored in 1871 as a dedicated government department with Cunningham appointed as its first Director-General. The revived ASI was tasked with conducting systematic surveys, detailed documentation, and conservation of India’s architectural and archaeological heritage. Over the decades, the institution has expanded its efforts, shaping the scientific preservation of monuments and historical remains across the country, and continues to be the cornerstone of India’s archaeological research and heritage protection.

Scientific Conservation Wing

Archaeological Survey of India

The Archaeological Survey of India has a branch dedicated to the scientific conservation of India’s cultural heritage. Established in 1917, it applies chemical and technological methods to study deterioration, preserve monuments and antiquities, and ensure the authenticity and longevity of heritage assets for future generations.

Reversibility

Use methods and materials that can be undone wherever technically feasible.

Minimal Intervention

Preserve the original fabric with the least necessary treatment.

Authenticity

Maintain original design, material, color, texture, and workmanship.

Archaeological Integrity

Respect cultural landscape, historical context, and research potential.

ASI functions under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India, ensuring heritage protection through law, science, and scholarship.

ASI Archaeological Survey of India

Research and Activities

Scientific PRESERVATION

Underwater ARCHAEOLOGY

GARDENS

Horticulture (Garden Branch)
Horticulture and landscaping around monuments reflect the historical period and cultural values of the time in which they were created. Among the various methods of monument conservation, bio-conservation plays an important role by using plants and green landscapes to protect, enhance, and sustain heritage sites.

The idea of creating an independent Garden Branch within the Archaeological Survey of India was first proposed by Sir Mortimer Wheeler, the then Director General. This proposal was later approved by the Central Cabinet under the leadership of Shri Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the then Education Minister, and the Garden Branch was formally established in 1950 to manage horticulture and landscaping at protected monuments across India.

Temple Survey

The Temple Survey Project is an important initiative of the Archaeological Survey of India aimed at identifying, documenting, and studying temples across India. Started in 1955, the project focuses on understanding the historical, architectural, religious, and cultural significance of temple structures, including many lesser-known and undocumented sites.

Through systematic surveys and research, the project contributes to the preservation of India’s temple heritage and supports conservation planning. It strengthens ASI’s mission to safeguard monuments and ensure that the knowledge, design traditions, and cultural values embedded in temples are recorded and passed on to future generations.

Antiquities form an essential part of India’s cultural and historical heritage. The Archaeological Survey of India is responsible for the identification, documentation, preservation, and protection of antiquities found across the country. These include sculptures, coins, inscriptions, manuscripts, tools, pottery, and other movable objects that provide valuable insights into India’s ancient civilizations, art, technology, and daily life.

Through systematic surveys, excavations, scientific conservation, and legal regulation, ASI ensures that antiquities are safeguarded from damage, illegal removal, and misuse. By preserving these objects and making them accessible through museums, research, and exhibitions, ASI helps connect present and future generations with the tangible evidence of India’s rich and continuous cultural legacy.

Epigraphy

The Epigraphy Branch of the Archaeological Survey of India is dedicated to the study, documentation, and preservation of inscriptions found on stone, metal, palm leaves, and other materials across India.

Inscriptions are primary historical records that provide authentic information about ancient rulers, administration, religion, society, languages, and cultural traditions.

Through systematic surveys, copying of inscriptions using estampages and digital methods, decipherment, and scholarly research, the Epigraphy Branch plays a key role in reconstructing India’s history from original sources. The branch also publishes critical studies and records, ensuring that these invaluable historical texts are preserved, interpreted accurately, and made available for researchers and future generations.

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Underwater Archaeology

The Underwater Archaeology Wing of the Archaeological Survey of India focuses on the exploration, study, and protection of archaeological remains located under water. This includes submerged ports, shipwrecks, coastal settlements, and other cultural remains found in seas, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs that reflect India’s long maritime history.

Through scientific surveys, diving investigations, and modern documentation techniques, the wing helps uncover evidence of ancient trade, navigation, and coastal life. Its work supports the preservation of underwater cultural heritage and adds an important dimension to understanding India’s historical connections with the wider world.

Building Survey

The Building Survey Project of the Archaeological Survey of India is dedicated to the systematic documentation and study of historic buildings across India. The project focuses on recording architectural features, construction techniques, styles, and historical significance of structures that represent different periods and cultural traditions.

By creating detailed records and surveys, the project supports conservation planning, research, and heritage management. It helps ensure that valuable information about India’s built heritage is preserved, even for structures that may not yet be protected, contributing to a deeper understanding of the country’s architectural legacy.

BharatSHRI Project

BharatSHRI is an initiative to digitally document and present India’s rich archaeological and cultural heritage in a simple, accessible, and engaging format. Developed in collaboration with the Archaeological Survey of India, the project brings together monuments, inscriptions, antiquities, and research under a single platform.

BharatSHRI helps people explore India’s heritage through authentic information, visuals, and digital records, making it easier for students, researchers, and the public to learn and connect with India’s past.

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Guardians of a Timeless Legacy

The Archaeological Survey of India stands as the guardian of India’s unparalleled archaeological and cultural legacy. Through research, conservation, documentation, and public engagement, ASI continues to protect monuments, inscriptions, antiquities, and heritage landscapes that define the nation’s civilizational journey.

Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)

About ASI

HISTORY